Sense of Community and Emotional Regulation: Interconnections Leading to Flourishing Among Single Catholics
Abstract
Modernization and individualistic culture have shifted the values and expectations of the younger generation regarding marriage, leading to delays or decisions not to marry. However, in Indonesia, many single individuals still face social pressure due to societal stigma, as well as religious and cultural values. This pressure can negatively impact the well-being or flourishing of single individuals. This study aims to examine the relationship between sense of community and emotion regulation (cognitive and expressive suppressions) with flourishing among single individuals, using a correlational quantitative method with 105 respondents (Mage = 34.90; SD = 5.84 years) from the Catholic Singles Community “J”. A purposive sampling technique was employed to select the sample. The results of multiple correlation indicated that sense of community and emotion regulation together significantly positively correlate with flourishing (R = 0.293, R2 = 0.086, p < 0.05. Nevertheless, partial correlation analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between the sense of community and flourishing (p<0.05), but a non-significant correlation between emotion regulation (both cognitive and expressive suppression) and flourishing (p>0.05). Although emotion regulation did not directly correlate with flourishing, emotion regulation (cognitive and expressive suppression) were significantly positively correlated with most aspects of sense of community. The implications of this research suggest that enhancing the sense of community plays a crucial role in achieving flourishing among members of a community. Sense of community can be further strengthened when supported by emotion regulation skills within the community context.
Downloads
References
Adamczyk, K. (2017). Voluntary and involuntary singlehood and young adults’ mental health: An investigation of the mediating role of romantic loneliness. Current Psychology, 36(4), 888-904. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-016-9500-4
Badan Pusat Statistik. (2024). Statistik Indonesia 2024. Retrieved March 22, 2024, from https://www.bps.go.id/id/publication/2024/02/28/c1bacde03256343b2bf769b0/statistik-indonesia-2024.html
Balzarotti, S., Biassoni, F., Villani, D., Prunas, A., & Velotti, P. (2016). Individual differences in cognitive emotion regulation: Implications for subjective and psychological well-being. Journal of Happiness Studies, 17, 125-143. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-015-9610-4
Benita, M., Benish-Weisman, M., Matos, L., & Torres, C. (2020). Integrative and suppressive emotion regulation differentially predict well-being through basic need satisfaction and frustration: A test of three countries. Motivation and Emotion, 44, 67-81. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11031-019-09723-4
Butler, J., & Kern, M. L. (2016). The PERMA-Profiler: A brief multidimensional measure of flourishing. International Journal of Wellbeing, 6(3). https://doi.org/10.5502/ijw.v6i3.526
Chavis, D. M., Lee, K. S., & Acosta, J. D. (2008). The sense of community (sci) revised: The reliability and validity of the SCI-2. Paper presented at the 2nd International Community Psychology Conference, Lisboa, Portugal.
Cheung, E. O., Gardner, W. L., & Anderson, J. F. (2015). Emotionships: Examining people’s emotion-regulation relationships and their consequences for well-being. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 6(4), 407-414. https://doi.org/10.1177/1948550614564914
Dekker, R. (n.d.). Advanced maternal age. Evidence Based Birth. Retrieved August 11, 2024, from https://evidencebasedbirth.com/advanced-maternal-age/
Elfida, D., Milla, M. N., Mansoer, W. W. D., & Takwin, B. (2021). Adaptasi dan uji properti psikometrik The PERMA-Profiler pada orang Indonesia. Persona: Jurnal Psikologi Indonesia, 10(1), 81-103. https://doi.org/10.30996/persona.v10i1.510
Giyati, A. N., & Whibowo, C. (2023). Hubungan antara self-compassion dan regulasi emosi dengan stres pada dewasa awal. PSIKODIMENSIA, 22(1), 83-95. https://doi.org/10.24167/psikodimensia.v22n1.3154
Gross, J. J., & John, O. P. (2003). Individual differences in two emotion regulation processes: Implications for affect, relationships, and well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85(2), 348–362. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.85.2.348
Gross, J. J. (2013). Emotion regulation: Taking stock and moving forward. Emotion, 13(3), 359-365. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0032135
Gross, J. J. (2014). Handbook of emotion regulation (2nd ed.). The Guilford Press.
Gross, J. J., & Jazaieri, H. (2014). Emotion, emotion regulation, and psychopathology: An affective science perspective. Clinical Psychological Science, 2(4), 387–401. https://doi.org/10.1177/2167702614536164
Himawan, K. K. (2017). Either I do or I must: An exploration of the marriage attitudes of Indonesian singles. The Social Science Journal. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soscij.2018.07.007
Himawan, K. K., Bambling, M., & Edirippulige, S. (2019). Modernization and singlehood in Indonesia: Psychological and social impacts. Kasetsart Journal of Social Sciences, 40(2), 499-506. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.kjss.2019.09.001
Himawan, K. K. (2020). Menikah adalah ibadah: Peran agama dalam mengkonstruksi pengalaman melajang di Indonesia. Jurnal Studi Pemuda, 9(2), 120-135. https://doi.org/10.22146/jsp.48535
Himawan, K. K., & Surijah, E. A. (2022). Shifting the privilege of marriage: Empowering voluntary agency of the individual’s marriage decision in Indonesia. In The Palgrave Handbook of Global Social Change (pp. 1137-1153). Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87624-1_95
Himawan, K. K., Bambling, M., Underwood, M., & Edirippulige, S. (2023). In the absence of marriage: Social and religious-based relationships as alternatives to marriage for never-married adults in Indonesia. Journal of Spirituality in Mental Health, 1-25. https://doi.org/10.1080/19349637.2023.2253443
Hurlock, E. B. (2009). Psikologi Perkembangan: Suatu Pendekatan Sepanjang Rentang Kehidupan. Erlangga.
Intan, T., & Machdalena, S. (2021). Stigma perempuan lajang dan perkawinan dalam Metropop 90 hari mencari cinta karya Ken Terate. Mabasan, 15(1), 502811. https://doi.org/10.24042/mabasan.v15i1.7742
Jati Pratama, L. A., & Masykur, A. M. (2020). Interpretative phenomenological analysis tentang pengalaman wanita dewasa madya yang masih melajang. Jurnal Empati, 7(2), 745-754. https://doi.org/10.22334/je.v7n2.a2
Jones, G. W., Yanxia, Z., & Chia Pei Zhi, P. (2012). Understanding high levels of singlehood in Singapore. Journal of Comparative Family Studies, 43(5), 731–750. https://doi.org/10.3138/jcfs.43.5.731
Kaparang, G. J., & Himawan, K. K. (2021). Isolasi atau integrasi sosial: Peran kualitas pertemanan dalam menunjang kepuasan hidup dewasa muda lajang di Indonesia. Jurnal Studi Pemuda, 10(2), 131-146. https://doi.org/10.22146/jsps.55332
Katolikana. (2020, January 15). Hai jomblo Katolik, bersatulah! Temukan pasanganmu di Jamnas KJK Semarang. Katolikana. Retrieved 2024, from https://www.katolikana.com/2020/01/15/hai-jomblo-katolik-bersatulah-temukan-pasanganmu-di-jamnas-kjk-semarang/
Klein, N. D., Bravo, A. J., Conway, C. C., Keough, M. T., Pilatti, A., & Mezquita, L. (2024). Individualism, collectivism, and emotion regulation: A cross-cultural examination among young adults from seven countries. Current Psychology, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-024-04415-7
Kompas.id. (2024, May 24). Mengapa hamil di atas usia 35 tahun bisa berisiko. Kompas.id. Retrieved August 11, 2024, from https://www.kompas.id/baca/humaniora/2024/05/24/mengapa-hamil-di-atas-usia-35-tahun-bisa-berisiko
McMillan, D. W., & Chavis, D. M. (1986). Sense of community: A definition and theory. Journal of Community Psychology, 14(1), 6-23. https://doi.org/10.1002/1520-6629(198601)14:1<6:AID-JCOP2290140103>3.0.CO;2-I
Miranda, N., & Amna, Z. (2016). Perbedaan subjective well-being pada dewasa awal ditinjau dari status pernikahan di Kota Banda Aceh. Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Psikologi, 1(4). https://doi.org/10.1234/jimpsikologi.2016.1.4.123
Morrish, L., Rickard, N., Chin, T. C., & Vella-Brodrick, D. A. (2018). Emotion regulation in adolescent well-being and positive education. Journal of Happiness Studies, 19, 1543-1564. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-017-9900-2
Nanik, N., & Hendriani, W. (2016). Studi kajian literatur wanita tidak menikah di berbagai negara. Jurnal Psikologi Indonesia, 12(1), 45-60.
Nanik, N., Surijah, E. A., Natalya, L., & Chrisyanti, M. (2022). Efek mediasi ketakutan ¬¬¬¬jadi lajang dalam hubungan antara stereotip negatif dan kesejahteraan psikologi perempuan lajang. Persona: Jurnal Psikologi Indonesia, 11(1), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.30996/persona.v11i1.658
Papalia, D. E., Feldman, R. D., & Martorell, G. (2014). Experience human development (13th ed.). McGraw-Hill.
Pradanta, S. W., Sudardi, B., & Subiyantoro, S. (2015). Kajian nilai-nilai budaya Jawa dalam tradisi Bancaan Weton di Kota Surakarta (Sebuah kajian simbolisme dalam budaya Jawa). Lingua, 12(2), 155-172. https://doi.org/10.30957/lingua.v12i2.25
Primastiwi, E. (2020). Tekanan sosial memiliki pasangan dan problema menjadi “single” di Indonesia. Whiteboard Journal. Retrieved April 22, 2023, from https://www.whiteboardjournal.com/ideas/human-interest/tekanan-sosial-memiliki-pasangan-dan-problema-menjadi-single-di-indonesia/
Radde, H. A., & Saudi, A. N. A. (2021). Uji validitas konstrak dari emotion regulation questionnaire versi bahasa Indonesia dengan menggunakan confirmatory factor analysis. Jurnal Psikologi Karakter, 1(2), 152-160. https://doi.org/10.24815/jpk.v1i2.16547
Rigby, C. S. (2023). Flourishing in digital environments: The case for self-determination theory as a beneficial framework for individuals, industry, and society. Journal of Positive Psychology, 18(3), 275-289. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2022.2076015
Roth, G., Vansteenkiste, M., & Ryan, R. M. (2019). Integrative emotion regulation: Process and development from a self-determination theory perspective. Development and Psychopathology, 31(3), 945-956. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579419000718
Ruswahyuningsih, M. C., & Afiatin, T. (2015). Resiliensi pada remaja Jawa. Gadjah Mada Journal of Psychology, 1(2), 95-105. https://doi.org/10.22146/gadjahmada.2015.529
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2017). Self-determination theory: Basic psychological needs in motivation, development, and wellness. Guilford Publications.
Santrock, J. (2019). Life-span development (17th ed.). American Psychological Association.
Seligman, M. E. P. (2002). Authentic happiness: Using the new positive psychology to realize your potential for lasting fulfilment. Free Press.
Seligman, M. (2011). Flourish: A visionary new understanding of happiness and well-being. Free Press.
Smock, P. J., & Schwartz, C. R. (2020). The demography of families: A review of patterns and change. Journal of Marriage and Family, 82(1), 9–34. https://doi.org/10.1111/jomf.12612
Shin, J., Lee, H., Choi, E. K., Nam, C., Chae, S. M., & Park, O. (2021). Social determinants of health and well-being of adolescents in multicultural families in South Korea: Social-cultural and community influence. Frontiers in Public Health, 9, 641140. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.641140
Stewart, K., & Townley, G. (2020). How far have we come? An integrative review of the current literature on sense of community and well-being. American Journal of Community Psychology, 66(1-2), 166-189. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajcp.12389
Susanti, S. (2021). Gambaran komplikasi persalinan pada ibu hamil dengan faktor risiko usia terlalu tua di Puskesmas Cisayong Kabupaten Tasikmalaya. Journal of Midwifery and Public Health, 2(2), 91-96. https://doi.org/10.22146/jmph.49623
Tjong, S. (2020). Hubungan antara relasi anak–orangtua dengan keintiman relasi sosial pada laki-laki usia dewasa awal (Doctoral dissertation). Sekolah Tinggi Teologi SAAT Malang.
Yoshida, A., & Meagher, C. (2023). Single and unready to mingle: The insecure lifeworlds of never-married Japanese. In K. Tanaka & H. Selin (Eds.), Sustainability, diversity, and equality: Key challenges for Japan (Vol. 13, pp. 1–20). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-36331-3_1
Yunanto, T. A. R. (2023). Happiness in the Javanese context: Exploring the role of emotion regulation and resilience. Humanitas: Indonesian Psychological Journal, 149-158. https://doi.org/10.22146/humanitas.v27i2.527
Zakiya, N., & Hariyadi, S. (2022). Nilai budaya kolektivisme dan perilaku asertif pada suku Jawa. Journal
Copyright (c) 2024 Ivy Novenatha Karolina Tambun, Nanik Nanik, Marselius Sampe Tondok

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
1) Authors retain copyright and grant the journal the right to first publication, with the work simultaneously licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution that allows the sharing of articles published with the acknowledgement of authorship and the initial publication in this magazine.
2) The authors are authorized to make additional contracts separately for distribution of the version of the work published in this journal (for example, publication in an institutional repository or as a chapter of the book), as long as there is recognition of authorship and initial publication in this journal.
3) Authors are authorized and encouraged to publish and distribute their work online (for example, in institutional repositories or on their personal pages) at any time before or during the editorial process, as it increases the impact and reference of the published work.