Examining the Factor of Social Media Activities and Relationships of Cyberbullying Behaviour in Generation Z Indonesia
Abstract
This study focuses on analyzing factors that are significant to the occurrence of cyberbullying cases and identifying aspects of cyberbullying that have a significant influence on cyberbullying behavior in generation Z in Indonesia. The research method used is quantitative. The dependent variable in this study is cyberbullying and the independent variable is social media. The population of this study consisted of students from three provinces in Sulawesi, namely South Sulawesi, West Sulawesi and Central Sulawesi. Samples were taken from the third province of Sulawesi as many as 389 students using the proportional stratified random sampling method. Data analysis used the prerequisite test analysis approach through the data normality test and data linearity test using the ANOVA statistical technique using the JASP statistical application. The results of the study show that the factors that have a significant influence on cyberbullying behavior in generation Z students are the intensity of comments on social media. The intensity factor of using social media and the type of social media have no effect on cyberbullying behavior. Aspects of verbal written bullying and social exclusion have no significant effect on cyberbullying. The visual aspect of sexual bullying on cyberbullying behavior in terms of the intensity factor of giving comments on social media has a strong significant difference. Therefore it can be concluded that visually sexual negative comments are related to the level of cyberbullying behavior in Generation Z in Sulawesi, Indonesia
Downloads
References
Abaido, G. M. (2020). Cyberbullying on social media platforms among university students in the United Arab Emirates. International Journal of Adolescence and Youth, 25(1), 407–420. https://doi.org/10.1080/02673843.2019.1669059
Ak, Ş., Özdemir, Y., & Kuzucu, Y. (2015). Cybervictimization and cyberbullying: The mediating role of anger, don’t anger me! Computers in Human Behavior, 49, 437–443. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.03.030
Amali, H. M. A. I., & Jayalal, S. (2020). Classification of cyberbullying Sinhala language comments on social media. 2020 Moratuwa Engineering Research Conference (MERCon), 266–271. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/MERCon50084.2020.9185209
Arisanty, M., & Wiradharma, G. (2022). The motivation of flaming perpetrators as cyberbullying behavior in social media. Jurnal Kajian Komunikasi, 10(2), 215–227. https://doi.org/10.24198/jkk.v10i2.39876
Chan, H. L., Kok, Y., Ong, J., & Yuvitasari, F. (2013). Social cues & cyberbullying in facebook: the effects of flaming messages, friend count and anonymity on cyberbullying behaviors. https://doi.org/10356/52577
Collantes, L. H., Martafian, Y., Khofifah, S. N., Fajarwati, T. K., Lassela, N. T., & Khairunnisa, M. (2020). The impact of cyberbullying on mental health of the victims. 2020 4th International Conference on Vocational Education and Training (ICOVET), 30–35. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICOVET50258.2020.9230008
Dani, H., Li, J., & Liu, H. (2017). Sentiment informed cyberbullying detection in social media. Machine Learning and Knowledge Discovery in Databases: European Conference, ECML PKDD 2017, Skopje, Macedonia, September 18–22, 2017, Proceedings, Part I 10, 52–67. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71249-9_4
Deschamps, R., & McNutt, K. (2016). Cyberbullying: What’s the problem? Canadian Public Administration, 59(1), 45–71. https://doi.org/10.1111/capa.12159
Dewi, H. A., Suryani, S., & Sriati, A. (2020). Faktor faktor yang memengaruhi cyberbullying pada remaja: A Systematic review. Journal of Nursing Care, 3(2). https://doi.org/10.24198/jnc.v3i2.24477
Dewi, N. K., Im Hambali, M., & Indreswari, H. (2023). Psychology of Bullying But Not Bullying: The Roles of Cultural Values to Improve Learners’ Resiliences toward Cyber Bullying. Journal for ReAttach Therapy and Developmental Diversities, 6(6s), 395–404.
ERDOĞDU, M., & KOÇYİĞİT, M. (2021). The correlation between social media use and cyber victimization: A research on generation Z in Turkey. Connectist: Istanbul University Journal of Communication Sciences, (61), 101–125. https://doi.org/10.26650/CONNECTIST2021-817567
Erdur Baker, Ö. (2007). Cyber bullying: a new face of peer bullying. https://doi.org/11511/53929
Euajarusphan, A. (2021). Cyberbullying and Thai Generation Z Youths in Bangkok, Thailand. International Journal of Crime, Law and Social Issues, 8(2). Retrieved from https://ssrn.com/abstract=3957729
Görzig, A., & Frumkin, L. A. (2013). Cyberbullying experiences on-the-go: When social media can become distressing. Cyberpsychology: Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.5817/CP2013-1-4
Hamuddin, B., Syahdan, S., Rahman, F., Rianita, D., & Derin, T. (2022). Do They Truly Intend to Harm Their Friends?: The Motives Beyond Cyberbullying among University Students. In Research Anthology on Combating Cyber-Aggression and Online Negativity (pp. 775–788). IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-5594-4.ch042
Handono, S. G., Laeheem, K., & Sittichai, R. (2019). Factors related with cyberbullying among the youth of Jakarta, Indonesia. Children and Youth Services Review, 99, 235–239. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2019.02.012
Hawi, N. S., & Samaha, M. (2017). The relations among social media addiction, self-esteem, and life satisfaction in university students. Social Science Computer Review, 35(5), 576–586. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894439316660340
Hon, L., & Varathan, K. (2015). Cyberbullying detection system on twitter. IJABM, 1(1), 1–11.
Junius Fernando, Z., Pujiyono, Rozah, U., & Rochaeti, N. (2022). The freedom of expression in Indonesia. Cogent Social Sciences, 8(1), 2103944. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2022.2103944
Leduc, K., Conway, L., Gomez-Garibello, C., & Talwar, V. (2018). The influence of participant role, gender, and age in elementary and high-school children’s moral justifications of cyberbullying behaviors. Computers in Human Behavior, 83, 215–220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2018.01.044
Lee, J., Abell, N., & Holmes, J. L. (2017). Validation of measures of cyberbullying perpetration and victimization in emerging adulthood. Research on Social Work Practice, 27(4), 456–467. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049731515578535
Lenhart, A., & Madden, M. (2007). Teens, privacy and online social networks: How teens manage their online identities and personal information in the age of MySpace. https://doi.org/20.500.12592/fr0rcw.
Li, K. Y., Zahiri, M. A., & Jumaat, N. F. (2021). Eye On Digital Media Literacy From The Perspective Of ‘Generation Z.’ European Proceedings of Social and Behavioural Sciences. https://doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2021.06.02.33
Machackova, H., Dedkova, L., & Mezulanikova, K. (2015). Brief report: The bystander effect in cyberbullying incidents. Journal of Adolescence, 43, 96–99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2015.05.010
Matamoros-Fernández, A., & Farkas, J. (2021). Racism, hate speech, and social media: A systematic review and critique. Television & New Media, 22(2), 205–224. https://doi.org/10.1177/1527476420982230
Milosevic, T. (2016). Social media companies’ cyberbullying policies. International Journal of Communication, 10, 22.
Olweus, D. (1994). Bullying at school: Long-term outcomes for the victims and an effective school-based intervention program. In Aggressive behavior: Current perspectives (pp. 97–130). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9116-7_5
Pa, W. A. M. W., Mahmud, M. S., & Zainal, M. S. (2021). Implications of social media addiction on academic performance among generation Z student-athletes during COVID-19 Lockdown. International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research, 20(8), 194–209. https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.20.8.12
Pasaribu, R. G. M., & Wulan, G. A. (2020). Pencegahan Kejahatan Ujaran Kebencian di Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmu Kepolisian, 14(3), 19. https://doi.org/10.35879/jik.v14i3.278
Perera, A., & Fernando, P. (2021). Accurate cyberbullying detection and prevention on social media. Procedia Computer Science, 181, 605–611. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2021.01.207
Rachoene, M., & Oyedemi, T. (2015). From self-expression to social aggression: Cyberbullying culture among South African youth on Facebook. Communicatio, 41(3), 302–319. https://doi.org/10.1080/02500167.2015.1093325
Rafiq, R. I., Hosseinmardi, H., Han, R., Lv, Q., Mishra, S., & Mattson, S. A. (2015). Careful what you share in six seconds: Detecting cyberbullying instances in Vine. Proceedings of the 2015 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Advances in Social Networks Analysis and Mining 2015, 617–622. https://doi.org/10.1145/2808797.2809381
Rosa, H., Pereira, N., Ribeiro, R., Ferreira, P. C., Carvalho, J. P., Oliveira, S., … Trancoso, I. (2019). Automatic cyberbullying detection: A systematic review. Computers in Human Behavior, 93, 333–345. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2018.12.021
Salawu, S., He, Y., & Lumsden, J. (2017). Approaches to automated detection of cyberbullying: A survey. IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing, 11(1), 3–24. https://doi.org/10.1109/TAFFC.2017.2761757
Selkie, E. M., Kota, R., & Moreno, M. (2016). Cyberbullying behaviors among female college students: Witnessing, perpetration, and victimization. College Student Journal, 50(2), 278–287.
Shin, N., & Ahn, H. (2015). Factors affecting adolescents’ involvement in cyberbullying: what divides the 20% from the 80%? Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 18(7), 393–399. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2014.0362
Slonje, R., & Smith, P. K. (2008). Cyberbullying: Another main type of bullying? Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 49(2), 147–154. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9450.2007.00611.x
Smith, D., Leonis, T., & Anandavalli, S. (2021). Belonging and loneliness in cyberspace: impacts of social media on adolescents’ well-being. Australian Journal of Psychology, 73(1), 12–23. https://doi.org/10.1080/00049530.2021.1898914
Sudrajat, A. (2020). Apakah Media Sosial Buruk untuk Kesehatan Mental dan Kesejahteraan? Kajian Perspektif Remaja. Jurnal Tinta: Jurnal Ilmu Keguruan Dan Pendidikan, 2(1), 41–52. https://doi.org/10.35897/jurnaltinta.v2i1.274
Thumronglaohapun, S., Maneeton, B., Maneeton, N., Limpiti, S., Manojai, N., Chaijaruwanich, J., … Kawilapat, S. (2022). Awareness, perception and perpetration of cyberbullying by high school students and undergraduates in Thailand. PloS One, 17(4), e0267702. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0267702
Turner, A. (2015). Generation Z: Technology and social interest. The Journal of Individual Psychology, 71(2), 103–113. https://doi.org/10.1353/jip.2015.0021
Udayana, I. G. P., Widyantara, I. M. M., & Karma, N. M. S. (2022). Penyalahgunaan Aplikasi Media Sosial sebagai Eksploitasi dalam Tindak Pidana Pornografi. Jurnal Konstruksi Hukum, 3(2), 438–443. https://doi.org/10.55637/jkh.3.2.4852.438-443
Ulfah, M. (2020). DIGITAL PARENTING: Bagaimana Orang Tua Melindungi Anak-anak dari Bahaya Digital? Edu Publisher.
Umar, N. F., Rafli, M., Dilah, N. J., & Mentari, N. N. (2022). Pengembangan U-SHIELD: Aplikasi Self-Defense Remaja Berbasis Strategi Komunikasi Asertif Pencegah Cyberbullying. Indonesian Journal of Learning Education and Counseling, 5(1), 35–43. https://doi.org/10.31960/ijolec.v5i1.1781
Watts, L. K., Wagner, J., Velasquez, B., & Behrens, P. I. (2017). Cyberbullying in higher education: A literature review. Computers in Human Behavior, 69, 268–274. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.12.038
Wijoyo, D. O. (2023). Analisis Media Sosial Mengenai Isu Indonesia Sebagai Negara Paling Tidak Sopan di Asia Tenggara. Jurnal Riset Manajemen Komunikasi, 3(1), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.29313/jrmk.v3i1.1015
Wilkins, J., Hoover, J. H., Miltenoff, P., & Downing, T. K. E. (2007). New communication technologies and the emergence of cyberbullying. The International Journal of Interdisciplinary Social Sciences, 2(3), 407–412.
Yoo, C. (2021). What are the characteristics of cyberbullying victims and perpetrators among South Korean students and how do their experiences change? Child Abuse & Neglect, 113, 104923. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104923
Yunita, R. (2021). Perundungan Maya (Cyber Bullying) Pada Remaja Awal. MUHAFADZAH, 1(2), 93–110. https://doi.org/10.53888/muhafadzah.v1i2.430
Copyright (c) 2024 Nur Fadhilah Umar, Abdullah Pandang, M. Fiqri Syahril, Muhammad Rafli

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
1) Authors retain copyright and grant the journal the right to first publication, with the work simultaneously licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution that allows the sharing of articles published with the acknowledgement of authorship and the initial publication in this magazine.
2) The authors are authorized to make additional contracts separately for distribution of the version of the work published in this journal (for example, publication in an institutional repository or as a chapter of the book), as long as there is recognition of authorship and initial publication in this journal.
3) Authors are authorized and encouraged to publish and distribute their work online (for example, in institutional repositories or on their personal pages) at any time before or during the editorial process, as it increases the impact and reference of the published work.