Konstruksi Argumentasi Hukum Poligami dalam Tafsir Jawa Pegon: Penafsiran KH. Misbah Mustofa atas QS. an-Nisā’ [4]: 3

Abstract

This article examines the construction of legal arguments concerning polygamy in KH. Misbah Mustafa’s Tafsīr al-Iklīl fī Maʿānī al-Tanzīl, focusing on his interpretation of Q. 4:3 (Sūrat al-Nisāʾ). The study employs a qualitative library-based research method, analyzing the makna gandul (interlinear translation), the translation, and the keterangan (explanatory commentary), while comparing Misbah’s arguments with those found in several classical works of Qur’anic exegesis and Islamic jurisprudence. Stephen Toulmin’s model of argumentation is used to identify legal claims, supporting evidence, and the inferential relationships underlying the legal rulings presented by the exegete. The findings show that Misbah explains the permissibility of polygamy by establishing a maximum limit of four wives and requiring justice, supported by a hadith concerning al-Ḥāris ibn Qays and statements affirming scholarly consensus. In his interpretation of the phrase allā taʿūlū, the Javanese expression ojo nganti podo lacut illustrates the use of local vocabulary to convey the verse’s message. The discussion of orphans provides a context for understanding guardianship, property, and injustice in marriage, although the criteria for justice are not systematically elaborated. The analysis also identifies an argumentative issue concerning violations of a condition prohibiting polygamy: Misbah stipulates the obligation to pay half of the dower (mahr), but the inferential relationship between the invalidity of the condition and the determination of the amount of the dower is not explained in detail. This study demonstrates that the legal arguments in al-Iklīl integrate linguistic explanations, Qur’anic context, hadith, and references to Islamic jurisprudence, while varying in the degree of detail provided in substantiating the legal basis for each issue